定义电路板形状和在CircuitMaker中使用电路板切割

The board shape, also referred to as the board outline, is a closed polygon that defines the boundary, or extents, of the board. As well as providing a visual guideline of the extents of the space available for the placement and routing of the design, the board shape is also used by the internal power planes as the reference for the power plane edge pullback and the edge for splitting power planes. When a new PCB file is created, it opens with a default board shape.

Use the Board Shape drop-down to access the following commands.

• Redefine Board Shape - use to interactively draw a new shape.
• Move Board Shape - use to move the location of the board shape within the design space.
• Edit Board Shape - use to interactively modify the shape of the board by moving vertices or sliding the edges of the shape.
• Define From Selected Objects - select a set of lines and/or arc primitives that define a closed shape then use this command to redefine the board shape to match this shape.
• Create Primitives From Board Shape - use when the board shape exists but there are currently no objects along the boundary.

Redefining the Board Shape

After launching the Redefine Board Shape command, the cursor will change to a crosshair and you will enter the standard polygonal object placement mode. Board shape definition is made by performing the following sequence of actions:

1. Position the cursor and click to anchor the starting vertex for the board shape.
2. Move the cursor ready to place the second vertex. The default behavior is to place two edges with each click, with a user-defined corner shape between them. Refer to the Placement Modes section below for more details on changing corner modes.
3. Continue to move the mouse and click to place further vertices.
4. After placing the final vertex, right-click or press Esc to close and complete the definition of the board shape. There is no need to manually close the board shape since the software will automatically complete the shape by connecting the start point to the final point placed.

Placement Modes

When redefining the board shape there are five available corner modes, four of which also have corner direction sub-modes. During redefinition:

• Press Shift+Spacebar to cycle through the five available corner modes: 45 degrees, 45 degrees with arc, 90 degrees, 90 degrees with arc, and Any Angle.
• Press Spacebar to toggle between the two corner direction sub-modes.
• When in either of the arc corner modes, hold the < or > keys to shrink or grow the arc. Hold the Shift key as you press to accelerate arc resizing.
• Press the 1 shortcut key to toggle between placing two edges per click, or one edge per click. In this second mode, the dashed edge is referred to as the look-ahead segment (as shown in the last image in the set below).
• Press the Backspace key to remove the last vertex.

Graphically Editing the Board Shape

After launching the Edit Board Shape command, the existing board shape will turn green. The outer shape of the shape is defined by a series of edges, where each edge is represented by an end vertex at each end, shown as a solid white square, and a center vertex in the middle, shown as a hollow white square. Each end vertex represents the location where two edges meet.

• Click and drag A to move the applicable end vertex.
• Click and drag B to move the applicable center vertex, effectively creating a new end vertex and splitting the original edge into two.
• Click anywhere along an edge, away from editing handles, and drag to slide that edge.
• Ctrl+click anywhere along an edge, away from editing handles, to insert a new end vertex.
• Click and hold on an end vertex then press Delete to remove that vertex.

Graphically Moving the Board Shape

After launching the Move Board Shape command, the existing board shape will turn green and an outline copy of the shape will be attached to the cursor. Move the shape to the desired new location within the design space and click to effect placement. While moving, the board shape can be rotated or mirrored:

• Press the Spacebar to rotate the board shape counterclockwise or Shift+Spacebar for clockwise rotation. The Rotation Step size is defined on the PCB Editor – General page of System Preferences. 
• Press the X or Y keys to mirror the board shape along the X-axis or Y-axis respectively.

Defining the Shape from Selected Objects

The board shape can also be defined from selected objects. Typically this will be a set of lines and/or arcs placed on a mechanical layer. Once all the objects are selected, select the Define from selected objects command. The board shape will update to follow the path defined by the selected lines. A warning dialog will appear if the software is unable to follow the centerline of the selected objects.

Creating Primitives from the Board Shape

As well as defining the board shape from selected primitives, it also is possible to create primitives from the board shape. Use the Create Primitives from Board Shape command when the board shape exists but there are currently no objects along the boundary. Situations where this command can be useful include:

• When you want to modify the board shape (or board cutouts) by modifying track and arc primitives first.
• When you need a keepout boundary for the board or keepout boundaries for board cutouts. 

A Board Cutout is a region configured to be a negative object that creates a cutout (void) in a polygon pour. The region will not be filled with copper when the polygon is poured. When used as a negative region for a board cutout (by placing it on the multi-layer), it defines an area that becomes a hole through the finished board. Board cutout regions are transferred to Gerber and ODB++ files for manufacturing purposes through the use of a dedicated Rout layer.

Cutting a Hole in the Board Shape

A board cutout can be placed anywhere in the board shape. 

When you create a new PCB file, a default sheet is automatically created. It is not shown initially, but when enabled in the Inspector panel, it appears as the white shape behind the design objects present in the design space. CircuitMaker's \Templates sub-folder includes a variety of template PCB files that include sheet borders for different paper sizes. Open the appropriate sized template and copy the contents of the relevant mechanical layers into your current PCB design.

Keeping the Polygon Back from the Edge of a Board Cutout

Polygons that overlay a solid region board cutout will pour as close to the edge of the cutout as allowed by the applicable design rule. A specific Clearance design rule can be created if required, which could, for example, be scoped to apply between IsBoardCutoutRegion and InPolygon.

Defining a Route Tool Path Around the Edge of the Board and Cutouts

A common approach used to cut the finished board from the fabrication panel is to mill or route the board out of the panel. Board cutouts can also be routed out. A Route Tool path is defined by placing Line and/or Arc objects on a mechanical layer. This can be done manually or automatically by the software.

To define a Route Tool path for the board and any board cutouts:

1. Use the Create Primitives From Board Shape command to open the Line/Arc Primitives From Board Shape dialog.
2. Define a suitable Width for the objects that will define the Route Tool path.
3. Select an available mechanical layer. This layer should be reserved for just the Route Tool path definition.
4. Enable the Include Cutouts option if the board has cutouts in it.
5. Enable the Route Tool Outline option. When this option is enabled the line/arc objects are placed so their edge touches the edge of the board shape and the edge of the cutout.
6. Enable the Delete Existing Non-Net Lines/Arcs On Layer option to delete existing Lines/Arcs that are not associated with a specific net on the selected layer.
7. Click OK to create the Route Tool objects on the chosen mechanical layer. 
8. The mechanical layer used must be set as the Route Tool layer. To do this, access the Layers & Colors tab of the View Configuration panel. Right-click within a layers grid and choose the Add Mechanical Layer command. In the Edit Layer dialog that appears, set the Layer Type to Route Tool Path.  This layer type is used to indicate the layer that contains the mechanical routing information. Note that a user-defined name is not permitted when the Layer Type is set to Route Tool Path. The reason for this is that older versions of the software use the name of the Route Tool Path layer to identify the layer that contains the route information (also referred to as route information). Fixing the naming of this layer ensures that the design will continue to function correctly in an older version.

The images below show the Route Tool path defined on a mechanical layer.

A Board Cutout on the left, with a Route Tool path defined in the image on the right.